ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: To analyze the behavior of platelets after transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation for the treatment of degenerated bioprosthesis and how they correlate with adverse events upon follow-up. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 28 patients who received a valve-in-valve implant, 5 in aortic, 18 in mitral and 5 in tricuspid positions. Data were compared with 74 patients submitted to conventional redo valvular replacements during the same period, and both groups' platelet curves were analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics(r) 20 for Windows. Results: All patients in the valve-in-valve group developed thrombocytopenia, 25% presenting mild (<150.000/µL), 54% moderate (<100.000/µL) and 21% severe (<50.000/µL) thrombocytopenia. The platelet nadir was on the 4th postoperative day for aortic ViV, 2nd for mitral and 3rd for tricuspid patients, with the majority of patients recovering regular platelet count. However, the aortic subgroup comparison between valve-in-valve and conventional surgery showed a statistically significant difference from the 7th day onwards, where valve-in-valve patients had more severe and longer lasting thrombocytopenia. This, however, did not translate into a higher postoperative risk. In our study population, postoperative thrombocytopenia did not correlate with greater occurrence of adverse outcomes and only normal preoperative platelet count could significantly predict a postoperative drop >50%. Conclusion: Although thrombocytopenia is an extremely common finding after valve-in-valve procedures, the degree of platelet count drop did not correlate with greater incidence of postoperative adverse outcomes in our study population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/blood , Thrombocytopenia/etiology , Thrombocytopenia/blood , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Platelet Count/methods , Reference Values , Reoperation , Time Factors , Tricuspid Valve/surgery , Bioprosthesis/adverse effects , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Risk Assessment , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/adverse effects , Mitral Valve/surgeryABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: A insuficiência aórtica crônica importante sintomática (IAo) leva a grande remodelamento ventricular esquerdo, à custa de hipertrofia de mióciotos e remodelamento da matriz extracelular. A relevância da concentração de fibrose intersticial nos pacientes acometidos é desconhecida. Analisamos o grau de fibrose no ventrículo esquerdo (VE) em pacientes sintomáticos com IAo submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico e sua relação com características funcionais e anatômicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a fibrose miocárdica na insuficiência aórtica crônica importante. MÉTODOS: Selecionaram-se 28 pacientes com IAo (16 com função VE normal e 12 com disfunção do VE), os quais foram analisados no pré e pós-operatório por ecodopplercardiografia. A capacidade funcional foi medida pelo teste de esforço cardiopulmonar. Para comparação dos resultados histopatológicos, um grupo-controle de 9 pacientes foi constituído. RESULTADOS: A média etária foi de 39 ± 12 anos, 75 por cento do sexo masculino com 84 por cento de etiologia reumática. Vinte e cinco pacientes permaneceram em classes funcionais I e II ao fim do estudo e apresentaram redução significativa dos diâmetros do VE entre os momentos pré e pós-operatórios. Houve três óbitos não relacionados à disfunção VE. Os parâmetros do teste cardiopulmonar não se modificaram entre o pré e o pós-operatório. O volume de fibrose intersticial em pacientes com IAo foi significativamente quando maior comparado ao grupo controle (3,47 ± 1,9 por cento vs 0,82 ± 0,96 por cento, respectivamente, p = 0,001). Não houve correlação entre o grau de fibrose do VE, parâmetros ecocardiográficos e funcionais. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com IAo, a presença de fibrose miocárdica não se associou às alterações clínicas, ecocardiográficas ou funcionais.
BACKGROUND: Significant symptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) leads to considerable left ventricular remodeling at the expense of myocyte hypertrophy and extracellular matrix remodeling. The relevance of interstitial fibrosis concentration in these patients is unknown. We analyzed the degree of fibrosis in the left ventricle (LV) in symptomatic patients with AR submitted to surgical treatment, and its relationship with functional and anatomical characteristics. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate myocardical fibrosis in chronic severe aortic regurgitation. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with chronic symptomatic AR (16 with normal LV function and 12 with LV dysfunction) were selected and assessed pre- and postoperatively by echocardiography. Functional capacity was measured using maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) through the cardiopulmonary test. Myocardial fibrosis volume fraction (MFV) was quantified through endomyocardial biopsy performed in all patients during surgery. We compared the histopathologic results with a nine-patient control group. RESULTS: The mean age was 39 ± 12 years, 75 percent of the patients were male, and the rheumatic etiology accounted for 84 percent of the cases. Twenty-five patients remained in FC l and ll at the end of the study, and there was a significant reduction of the LV diameters between the preoperative and late postoperative timepoints. Three deaths occurred but they were not related to postoperative ventricular dysfunction. The parameters of the cardiopulmonary test were similar between pre- and postoperative timepoints. MFV in patients with AR was significantly higher than in the control group (3.47 ± 1.9 percent vs 0.82 ± 0.96 percent, respectively, p=0.001). There was no statistical correlation among LV fibrosis and LV diameters, LVEF and MVO2. CONCLUSION: In patients with significant symptomatic AR, the presence of limited myocardial fibrosis was not associated with clinical, echocardiographic or...
FUNDAMENTO: La insuficiencia aórtica crónica severa sintomática (IAo crónica severa) ocasiona una gran remodelación ventricular izquierda, por cuenta de hipertrofia de miociotos y remodelación de la matriz extracelular. Se desconoce la relevancia de la concentración de fibrosis intersticial en los pacientes acometidos. Analizamos el grado de fibrosis en el ventrículo izquierdo (VI) en pacientes sintomáticos con IAo crónica severa sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico y su relación con características funcionales y anatómicas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la fibrosis miocárdica en la insuficiencia aórtica crónica severa. MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron a 28 pacientes con IAo crónica severa (16 con función VI normal y 12 con disfunción del VI), los que se analizaron en el pre y el postoperatorio por ecocardiografía Doppler. Se midió la capacidad funcional por la prueba de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar. Para comparación de los resultados histopatológicos, se constituyó a un Grupo Control de 9 pacientes. RESULTADOS: El promedio de edad fue de 39±12 años, el 75 por ciento del sexo masculino con el 84 por ciento de etiología reumática. El total de 25 pacientes permanecieron en clases funcionales I e II al fin del estudio y presentaron reducción significativa de los diámetros del VI entre los momentos pre y postoperatorios. Hubo tres óbitos no relacionados a la disfunción VI. Los parámetros de la prueba cardiopulmonar no se modificaron entre el pre y el postoperatorio. El volumen de fibrosis intersticial en pacientes con IAo crónica severa fue significativo cuando mayor, comparado al Grupo control (3,47 ± 1,9 por ciento vs. 0,82 ±0,96 por ciento, respectivamente, p = 0,001). No hubo correlación entre el grado de fibrosis del VI, parámetros ecocardiográficos y funcionales. CONCLUSIÓN: En pacientes con IAo crónica severa, la presencia de fibrosis miocárdica no se asoció a las alteraciones clínicas, ecocardiográficas o funcionales.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology , Endomyocardial Fibrosis/physiopathology , Ventricular Remodeling/physiology , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/pathology , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Chronic Disease , Collagen/metabolism , Endomyocardial Fibrosis/etiology , Endomyocardial Fibrosis/pathology , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Postoperative Care , Preoperative Care , Stroke Volume/physiologyABSTRACT
O aumento da pós-carga na estenose aórtica resulta em ativação hemodinâmica e neuro-hormonal e, por fim, em remodelação ventricular. É um processo dependente do tempo e somente interfere no desempenho ventricular após a perda de proporcionalidade entre os compartimentos muscular, intersticial e endotelial. Após a correção da obstrução ocorre fenômeno inverso, resultando em melhora tanto clínica como funcional...